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A lens that generates images that generally look "natural" to a human observer under normal viewing conditions, as compared with lenses with longer or shorter focal lengths. Lenses of shorter focal length are called wide-angle lenses, while longer focal length lenses are often referred to as telephoto lenses.
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A lens with a focal length about equal to the diagonal size of the film or sensor format is known as a normal lens; its angle of view is similar to the angle subtended by a large-enough print viewed at a typical viewing distance equal to the print diagonal; this angle of view is about 53 degrees diagonally.
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Oskar Barnack (Leica Camera ªº³]pªÌ) ¿ï¥Î 50mm ªºì¦], ¬O¥H·í®ÉªºÃèÀY¬ì§Þ, »{¬°³]p¦¨²¤ªøµJªøªºÃèÀY¥i¥H¹F¨ì³Ì¨Îªº²M´·«×, ©ó¬O¦b²z½×È 43mm »P¨D±o¨}¦n²M´·«×¤§¶¡©Ò°µªº§´¨ó¡C
The 50 mm focal length was chosen by Oskar Barnack, the creator of the Leica camera, as a compromise between the theoretical value and good sharpness, as lens technology at the time was such that slightly longer focal lengths were able to achieve optimum sharpness.
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http://jimmyyen.blogspot.hk/2009/11/blog-post_16.html